The aviation environment has some phases which require reliance on the ability to detect differences in color for adequate performance. Men are ten times more susceptible to color vision deficiencies than women are (8% vs.0.8%). Individuals with substandard color vision detection ability are termed color deficient. Not all individuals are born with the ability to perceive differences in color for wavelengths of light. Wavelengths of light in the visible spectrum progress from the shorter violet colors, through the intermediate blue, green and yellow frequencies to the longer orange and red wavelengths. These three types of cones work by combining the three primary color, much like a video projector. There are three types of cones: red, green and blue. The eye’s ability to perceive color is determined by the sensitivity of “cones” in the back of the retina which distinguish different wavelengths of light.
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